Double Buffering

/*
User Interfaces in C#: Windows Forms and Custom Controls
by Matthew MacDonald

Publisher: Apress
ISBN: 1590590457
*/
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace GDI_Basics
{
///

/// Summary description for DoubleBuffering.
///

public class DoubleBuffering : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
internal System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox chkDoubleBuffer;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Timer tmrRefresh;
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components;

public DoubleBuffering()
{
//
// Required for Windows Form Designer support
//
InitializeComponent();

//
// TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
//
}

///

/// Clean up any resources being used.
///

protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if(components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code
///

/// Required method for Designer support – do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
///

private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.chkDoubleBuffer = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
this.tmrRefresh = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer(this.components);
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// chkDoubleBuffer
//
this.chkDoubleBuffer.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.PaleTurquoise;
this.chkDoubleBuffer.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 8);
this.chkDoubleBuffer.Name = “chkDoubleBuffer”;
this.chkDoubleBuffer.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(336, 16);
this.chkDoubleBuffer.TabIndex = 1;
this.chkDoubleBuffer.Text = “Use Double Buffering”;
//
// tmrRefresh
//
this.tmrRefresh.Interval = 10;
this.tmrRefresh.Tick += new System.EventHandler(this.tmrRefresh_Tick);
//
// DoubleBuffering
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(376, 294);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
this.chkDoubleBuffer});
this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font(“Tahoma”, 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(0)));
this.Name = “DoubleBuffering”;
this.Text = “DoubleBuffering”;
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.DoubleBuffering_Load);
this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.DoubleBuffering_Paint);
this.ResumeLayout(false);

}
#endregion

private bool isShrinking = false;
private int extraSize = 0;

private void tmrRefresh_Tick(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Change the circle dimensions.

if (isShrinking)
{
extraSize–;
}
else
{
extraSize++;
}

// Change the sizing direction if needed.
if (extraSize > (this.Width – 150))
{
isShrinking = true;
}
else if (extraSize < 1) { isShrinking = false; } // Repaint the form. this.Invalidate(); } protected override void OnPaintBackground( System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs pevent) { // Do nothing. } [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new DoubleBuffering()); } private void DoubleBuffering_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { tmrRefresh.Start(); } private void DoubleBuffering_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g; Bitmap drawing = null; // Check if double buffering is needed, and assign the GDI+ context. if (chkDoubleBuffer.Checked) { drawing = new Bitmap(this.Width, this.Height, e.Graphics); g = Graphics.FromImage(drawing); } else { g = e.Graphics; } g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality; // Draw a rectangle. Pen drawingPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 10); g.FillRectangle(Brushes.PaleTurquoise , new Rectangle(new Point(0, 0), this.ClientSize)); g.DrawEllipse(drawingPen, 50, 50, 50 + extraSize, 50 + extraSize); // If using double buffering, render the final image and dispose of it. if (chkDoubleBuffer.Checked) { e.Graphics.DrawImageUnscaled(drawing, 0, 0); g.Dispose(); } } } } [/csharp]

Double buffer draw

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
}

protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) {
if( disposing ) {
if (components != null) {
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}

private void InitializeComponent() {
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300,300);
this.Text = “Form1”;
}

static void Main() {
Application.Run(new Form1());
}

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) {
Graphics displayGraphics = e.Graphics;
Random r = new Random();
Image i = new Bitmap(ClientRectangle.Width, ClientRectangle.Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(i);

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, ClientRectangle);

for (int x = 0; x < ClientRectangle.Width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < ClientRectangle.Height; y += 10) { Color c = Color.FromArgb (r.Next(25), r.Next(55), r.Next(5)); Pen p = new Pen(c, 1); g.DrawLine(p, new Point(ClientRectangle.Width/2, ClientRectangle.Height/2), new Point(x, y)); p.Dispose(); } } displayGraphics.DrawImage(i, ClientRectangle); i.Dispose(); } } [/csharp]

Pen dash style


   

  using System;
  using System.Drawing;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Windows.Forms;
  using System.Data;

  public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
  {
    private System.ComponentModel.Container components;

    public Form1()
    {
      InitializeComponent();
      SetStyle(ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw, true);
    }

    protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
    {
      if( disposing )
      {
        if (components != null) 
        {
          components.Dispose();
        }
      }
      base.Dispose( disposing );
    }

    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(211, 104);
      this.Text = "A Form with Style!";
      this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.Form1_Paint);

    }
    [STAThread]
    static void Main() 
    {
      Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
    {
      Pen customDashPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 10);
      float[] myDashes = {5.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 3.0f};
      customDashPen.DashPattern = myDashes;
      e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(customDashPen, ClientRectangle);
    }
  }



           
          


Draw Polygon with dashed pen


   

  using System;
  using System.Drawing;
  using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Windows.Forms;
  using System.Data;

  public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
  {
    public MainForm()
    {
      InitializeComponent();
      CenterToScreen();
      SetStyle(ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw, true);  
    }

    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
      this.Text = "Pens...";
      this.Resize += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Resize);
      this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.MainForm_Paint);

    }
    static void Main() 
    {
      Application.Run(new MainForm());
    }

    private void MainForm_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
    {
      Graphics g = e.Graphics;
      // Draw a pruple dashed polygon as well...
      Pen pen3 = new Pen(Color.Purple, 5);
      pen3.DashStyle = DashStyle.DashDotDot;

      g.DrawPolygon(pen3, new Point[]{new Point(30, 140),
                         new Point(265, 200),
                         new Point(100, 225),
                         new Point(190, 190),
                         new Point(50, 330),
                         new Point(20, 180)} );

    }

    private void Form1_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
       Invalidate();  
    }
  }


           
          


Pen dash pattern


   


  using System;
  using System.Drawing;
  using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Windows.Forms;
  using System.Data;

  public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
  {
    public Form1()
    {
      InitializeComponent();
    }
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
      this.Text = "";
      this.Resize += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Resize);
      this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.Form1_Paint);

    }
    static void Main() 
    {
      Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
    {      
      Graphics g = e.Graphics;
      g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
      Pen p = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);

      // The following line creates the custom dash pattern:
      float[] f = { 15, 5, 10, 5 };

      p.DashPattern = f;
      g.DrawRectangle(p, 10, 10, 80, 100);
      p.Dispose();
    }

    private void Form1_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
      Invalidate();
    }
  }


           
          


Pen Dash style: dash


   



  using System;
  using System.Drawing;
  using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Windows.Forms;
  using System.Data;

  public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
  {
    public Form1()
    {
      InitializeComponent();
    }
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
      this.Text = "";
      this.Resize += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Resize);
      this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.Form1_Paint);

    }
    static void Main() 
    {
      Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
    {      
      Graphics g = e.Graphics;
      g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
      Pen p = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);

      p.DashStyle = DashStyle.Dash;
      g.DrawLine(p, 3, 3, 100, 3);
      p.Dispose();


    }

    private void Form1_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
      Invalidate();
    }
  }

           
          


All dash styles


   


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Windows.Forms.VisualStyles;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;

public class Form1 : Form
{

      public Form1() {
            InitializeComponent();
            
      }
    private void SimpleStyleRenderer_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
      Pen myPen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 10);
      int y = 20;
      foreach (DashStyle dash in Enum.GetValues(typeof(DashStyle)))
      {
        myPen.DashStyle = dash;
        e.Graphics.DrawLine(myPen, 20, y, 100, y);
        e.Graphics.DrawString(dash.ToString(), new Font("Tahoma", 8), Brushes.Black, 120, y - 10);
        y += 30;
      }

      y += 10;
      myPen.StartCap = LineCap.Round;
      myPen.EndCap = LineCap.Round;

      foreach (DashStyle dash in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof(DashStyle)))
      {
        myPen.DashStyle = dash;
        e.Graphics.DrawLine(myPen, 20, y, 100, y);
        e.Graphics.DrawString(dash.ToString() + " (with round caps)", new Font("Tahoma", 8), Brushes.Black, 120, y - 10);
        y += 30;
      }

    }


    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.SuspendLayout();
      // 
      // SimpleStyleRenderer
      // 
      this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
      this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(384, 353);
      this.Name = "SimpleStyleRenderer";
      this.Text = "SimpleStyleRenderer";
      this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.SimpleStyleRenderer_Paint);
      this.ResumeLayout(false);

    }
      [STAThread]
      static void Main()
      {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
      }

}