Power Shell / Script / Bash – Command line terminal

command help and examples, Syntax Examples Related commands Linux and Unix main page, Here is a list of basic linux commands. This list of linux commands is not complete as there are many more linux commands available. most frequently used commands in Linux / UNIX//..

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This category consist of a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a traditional user interface for the Unix operating system and for Linux / Ect. systems.
That concepts for operating systems. It is both an interactive command language as well as a scripting programming language, and is used by the operating system as the facility to control (shell script) the execution of the system. Shells created for other operating systems than Unix, often provide similar functionality.

What Linux is?
Who developed the Linux?
How to get Linux?
How to Install Linux
Where I can use Linux?
What Kernel Is?
What is Linux Shell?
How to use Shell
What is Shell Script ?
Why to Write Shell Script ?
More on Shell…

Chapter 2: Getting started with Shell Programming
How to write shell script
Variables in shell
How to define User defined variables (UDV)
Rules for Naming variable name (Both UDV and System Variable)
How to print or access value of UDV (User defined variables)
echo Command
Shell Arithmetic
More about Quotes
Exit Status
The read Statement
Wild cards (Filename Shorthand or meta Characters)
More commands on one command line
Command Line Processing
Why Command Line arguments required
Redirection of Standard output/input i.e. Input – Output redirection
Pipes
Filter
What is Processes
Why Process required
Linux Command(s) Related with Process
Chapter 3: Shells (bash) structured Language Constructs
Decision making in shell script ( i.e. if command)
test command or [ expr ]
if…else…fi
Nested ifs
Multilevel if-then-else
Loops in Shell Scripts
for loop
Nested for loop
while loop
The case Statement
How to de-bug the shell script?
Chapter 4: Advanced Shell Scripting Commands
/dev/null – to send unwanted output of program
Local and Global Shell variable (export command)
Conditional execution i.e. && and ||
I/O Redirection and file descriptors
Functions
User Interface and dialog utility-Part I
User Interface and dialog utility-Part II
Message Box (msgbox) using dialog utility
Confirmation Box (yesno box) using dialog utility
Input (inputbox) using dialog utility
User Interface using dialog Utility – Putting it all together
trap command
The shift Command
getopts command
Chapter 5: Essential Utilities for Power User
Preparing for Quick Tour of essential utilities
Selecting portion of a file using cut utility
Putting lines together using paste utility
The join utility
Translating range of characters using tr utility
Data manipulation using awk utility
sed utility – Editing file without using editor
Removing duplicate lines from text database file using uniq utility
Finding matching pattern using grep utility
Chapter 6: Learning expressions with ex
Getting started with ex
Printing text on-screen
Deleting lines
Coping lines
Searching the words
Find and Replace (Substituting regular expression)
Replacing word with confirmation from user
Finding words
Using range of characters in regular expressions
Using & as Special replacement character
Converting lowercase character to uppercase
Chapter 7: awk Revisited
Getting Starting with awk
Predefined variables of awk
Doing arithmetic with awk
User Defined variables in awk
Use of printf statement
Use of Format Specification Code
if condition in awk
Loops in awk
Real life examples in awk
awk miscellaneous
sed – Quick Introduction
Redirecting the output of sed command
How to write sed scripts?
More examples of sed
Chapter 8: Examples of Shell Scripts
Logic Development:
Shell script to print given numbers sum of all digit
Shell script to print contains of file from given line number to next given number of lines
Shell script to say Good morning/Afternoon/Evening as you log in to system
Shell script to find whether entered year is Leap or not
Sort the given five number in ascending order (use of array)
Command line (args) handling:
Adding 2 nos. suppiled as command line args
Calculating average of given numbers on command line args
Finding out biggest number from given three nos suppiled as command line args
Shell script to implement getopts statement.
Basic math Calculator (case statement)
Loops using while & for loop:
Print nos. as 5,4,3,2,1 using while loop
Printing the patterns using for loop.
Arithmetic in shell scripting:
Performing real number calculation in shell script
Converting decimal number to hexadecimal number
Calculating factorial of given number
File handling:
Shell script to determine whether given file exist or not.
Screen handling/echo command with escape sequence code:
Shell script to print “Hello World” message, in Bold, Blink effect, and in different colors like red, brown etc.
Background process implementation:
Digital clock using shell script
User interface and Functions in shell script:
Shell script to implements menu based system.
System Administration:
Getting more information about your working environment through shell script
Shell script to gathered useful system information such as CPU, disks, Ram and your environment etc.
Shell script to add DNS Entery to BIND Database with default Nameservers, Mail Servers (MX) and host
Integrating awk script with shell script:
Script to convert file names from UPPERCASE to lowercase file names or vice versa.
Chapter 9: Other Resources
Appendix – A : Linux File Server Tutorial (LFST) version b0.1 Rev. 2
Appendix – B : Linux Command Reference (LCR)
About the author
About this Document

Linux install E-mail server and make test

Posted on June 20, 2015June 20, 2015 by coder

apt-get install mail-utils

1	apt-get install mail-utils

Create a virtual domain, and a virtual user inside that domain

Do a telnet to the port 25 of your server and send a mail to that domain and see if it’s delivered. You can check the error logs through tail -f /var/log/mail.log -f from a different console. Using telnet is easy

telnet kutayzorlu.com 25
  helo kutayzorlu.com
  mail from: <test@kutayzorlu.com>
  rcpt to: <youruser@kutayzorlu.com>
  data

  Type any content that you want, press enter, then put a period (.) and then enter to exit
  .

telnet kutayzorlu.com 25

helo kutayzorlu.com

mail from: <test@kutayzorlu.com>

rcpt to: <youruser@kutayzorlu.com>

data

Type any content that you want, press enter, then put a period (.) and then enter to exit

Command line send mail

Now login into the server via ssh, and use mail command to send out the email

$ echo "Test Email from kutayzorlu server" | mail -s "Test Subject" youruser@kutayzorlu.com

Now login into the server via ssh, and use mail command to send out the email

$ echo "Test Email from kutayzorlu server" | mail -s "Test Subject" youruser@kutayzorlu.com

Postfix configuration

mynetworks line in postfix/main.cf

1	mynetworks line in postfix/main.cf

10 ways to change keyboard layout in linux

Posted on June 4, 2015June 5, 2015 by coder

Please write these commands.

# TEST 1
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

# TEST 2 Other possibilities :
$ setxkbmap gb

# TEST 3 Other possibilities
$ sudo apt-get install console-common
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data

# TEST 4 Other possibilities 
$setxkbmap -option grp:alt_shift_toggle us,il

# You can see all locale alias with this command
$cat /etc/locale.alias

#More info  
$man setxkbmap

# TEST 5  Other possibilities
$ loadkeys es 
# For X:
$ setxkbmap es
# change  in complete system
$sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

# TEST 6 Other possibilities
#  Put these commands  to inside of   
$  /etc/profile.d/bashrc
$ sudo loadkeys /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us.kmap.gz

# TEST 7 Other possibilities
$ apt-get install console-data: Chose AZERTY/France
$ setxkbmap
$ setxkbmap -layout fr 
$ setxkbmap -display 127.0.0.1:0.0 -layout fr

# TEST 8 
$ dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
$ service keyboard-setup restart
$ udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change

# TEST 9 
# soon
#

# TEST 1

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

# TEST 2 Other possibilities :

$ setxkbmap gb

# TEST 3 Other possibilities

$ sudo apt-get install console-common

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data

# TEST 4 Other possibilities

$setxkbmap -option grp:alt_shift_toggle us,il

# You can see all locale alias with this command

$cat /etc/locale.alias

#More info

$man setxkbmap

# TEST 5 Other possibilities

$ loadkeys es

# For X:

$ setxkbmap es

# change in complete system

$sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

# TEST 6 Other possibilities

# Put these commands to inside of

$ /etc/profile.d/bashrc

$ sudo loadkeys /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us.kmap.gz

# TEST 7 Other possibilities

$ apt-get install console-data: Chose AZERTY/France

$ setxkbmap

$ setxkbmap -layout fr

$ setxkbmap -display 127.0.0.1:0.0 -layout fr

# TEST 8

$ dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

$ service keyboard-setup restart

$ udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change

# TEST 9

# soon

Please Download this Document for more info

Keyboard – Debian Wiki_Public Document —— > Click and Download

How to get installed packages list from YUM package manager

Posted on May 27, 2015 by coder

Please use this command

yum list installed > installed_kutay.txt

1	yum list installed > installed_kutay.txt

This command will save package list to a txt file.

How to replace a string in shell script ?

Posted on May 27, 2015 by coder

STR="hello world"
OUTPUT=`echo $STR | sed 's/hello/kutay/'`
echo $OUTPUT
# kutay world

STR="hello kutay"
OUTPUT=`echo $STR | sed 's/hello/zorlu/g'`
echo $OUTPUT
# zorlu kutay

STR="hello world"

OUTPUT=`echo $STR | sed 's/hello/kutay/'`

echo $OUTPUT

# kutay world

STR="hello kutay"

OUTPUT=`echo $STR | sed 's/hello/zorlu/g'`

echo $OUTPUT

# zorlu kutay

apt-get update “Hash sum mismatch” error

Posted on May 3, 2015June 19, 2015 by coder

Just remove the content of /var/lib/apt/lists directory:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*then run:

sudo apt-get update

Crontab Kill kernel thread and virus

Posted on April 28, 2015June 19, 2015 by coder

#now*/5 * * * * killall -9 kthread
#now*/1 * * * * killall -9 kthreadd
#now*/12 * * * * killall -9 named
#now*/1 * * * * find /tmp/ -name 'pnscan' -exec rm {} \;
#now*/3 * * * * killall -9 proftpd
#now*/5 * * * * ufw delete deny 7778 && ufw deny 7778
#now* * * * * rm /lib/httpd /lib/httpd.pid /lib/httpds
#*/13 * * * * killall -9 chronyd
# http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/How_to_edit_iptables_rules
# How to delete - rules at iptables

#now*/5 * * * * killall -9 kthread

#now*/1 * * * * killall -9 kthreadd

#now*/12 * * * * killall -9 named

#now*/1 * * * * find /tmp/ -name 'pnscan' -exec rm {} \;

#now*/3 * * * * killall -9 proftpd

#now*/5 * * * * ufw delete deny 7778 && ufw deny 7778

#now* * * * * rm /lib/httpd /lib/httpd.pid /lib/httpds

#*/13 * * * * killall -9 chronyd

# http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/How_to_edit_iptables_rules

# How to delete - rules at iptables

Make dir if not exist in bash

Posted on January 3, 2015June 19, 2015 by coder

if [ ! -d directory ]; then
  mkdir directory
fi


if you dont have sub directories you need to  use    "-p"  option

mkdir -p  /dxx/xx/xx/xx/e/3/3/5/DIRECTORY


if [[ ! -e $dir ]]; then
    mkdir $dir
elif [[ ! -d $dir ]]; then
    echo "$dir already exists but is not a directory"
fi

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