/*
Mastering Visual C# .NET
by Jason Price, Mike Gunderloy
Publisher: Sybex;
ISBN: 0782129110
*/
/*
Example7_2.cs illustrates polymorphism
*/
using System;
// declare the MotorVehicle class
class MotorVehicle
{
// declare the fields
public string make;
public string model;
// define a constructor
public MotorVehicle(string make, string model)
{
this.make = make;
this.model = model;
}
// define the Accelerate() method (may be overridden in a
// derived class)
public virtual void Accelerate()
{
Console.WriteLine(model + " accelerating");
}
}
// declare the Car class (derived from MotorVehicle)
class Car : MotorVehicle
{
// define a constructor
public Car(string make, string model) :
base(make, model)
{
// do nothing
}
// override the base class Accelerate() method
public override void Accelerate()
{
Console.WriteLine("Pushing gas pedal of " + model);
base.Accelerate(); // calls the Accelerate() method in the base class
}
}
// declare the Motorcycle class (derived from MotorVehicle)
class Motorcycle : MotorVehicle
{
// define a constructor
public Motorcycle(string make, string model) :
base(make, model)
{
// do nothing
}
// override the base class Accelerate() method
public override void Accelerate()
{
Console.WriteLine("Twisting throttle of " + model);
base.Accelerate(); // calls the Accelerate() method in the base class
}
}
public class Example7_2
{
public static void Main()
{
// create a Car object and call the object's Accelerate() method
Car myCar = new Car("Toyota", "MR2");
myCar.Accelerate();
// create a Motorcycle object and call the object's Accelerate() method
Motorcycle myMotorcycle = new Motorcycle("Harley-Davidson", "V-Rod");
myMotorcycle.Accelerate();
}
}
Month: February 2011
When a virtual method is not overridden, the base class method is used
/*
C#: The Complete Reference
by Herbert Schildt
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
/* When a virtual method is not overridden,
the base class method is used. */
using System;
class Base {
// Create virtual method in the base class.
public virtual void who() {
Console.WriteLine("who() in Base");
}
}
class Derived1 : Base {
// Override who() in a derived class.
public override void who() {
Console.WriteLine("who() in Derived1");
}
}
class Derived2 : Base {
// This class does not override who().
}
public class NoOverrideDemo {
public static void Main() {
Base baseOb = new Base();
Derived1 dOb1 = new Derived1();
Derived2 dOb2 = new Derived2();
Base baseRef; // a base-class reference
baseRef = baseOb;
baseRef.who();
baseRef = dOb1;
baseRef.who();
baseRef = dOb2;
baseRef.who(); // calls Base's who()
}
}
Demonstrate a virtual method
/*
C#: The Complete Reference
by Herbert Schildt
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
// Demonstrate a virtual method.
using System;
class Base {
// Create virtual method in the base class.
public virtual void who() {
Console.WriteLine("who() in Base");
}
}
class Derived1 : Base {
// Override who() in a derived class.
public override void who() {
Console.WriteLine("who() in Derived1");
}
}
class Derived2 : Base {
// Override who() again in another derived class.
public override void who() {
Console.WriteLine("who() in Derived2");
}
}
public class OverrideDemo {
public static void Main() {
Base baseOb = new Base();
Derived1 dOb1 = new Derived1();
Derived2 dOb2 = new Derived2();
Base baseRef; // a base-class reference
baseRef = baseOb;
baseRef.who();
baseRef = dOb1;
baseRef.who();
baseRef = dOb2;
baseRef.who();
}
}
Use virtual methods and polymorphism
/*
C#: The Complete Reference
by Herbert Schildt
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
// Use virtual methods and polymorphism.
using System;
class TwoDShape {
double pri_width; // private
double pri_height; // private
string pri_name; // private
// A default constructor.
public TwoDShape() {
width = height = 0.0;
name = “null”;
}
// Parameterized constructor.
public TwoDShape(double w, double h, string n) {
width = w;
height = h;
name = n;
}
// Construct object with equal width and height.
public TwoDShape(double x, string n) {
width = height = x;
name = n;
}
// Construct an object from an object.
public TwoDShape(TwoDShape ob) {
width = ob.width;
height = ob.height;
name = ob.name;
}
// Properties for width, height, and name
public double width {
get { return pri_width; }
set { pri_width = value; }
}
public double height {
get { return pri_height; }
set { pri_height = value; }
}
public string name {
get { return pri_name; }
set { pri_name = value; }
}
public void showDim() {
Console.WriteLine(“Width and height are ” +
width + ” and ” + height);
}
public virtual double area() {
Console.WriteLine(“area() must be overridden”);
return 0.0;
}
}
// A derived class of TwoDShape for triangles.
class Triangle : TwoDShape {
string style; // private
// A default constructor.
public Triangle() {
style = “null”;
}
// Constructor for Triangle.
public Triangle(string s, double w, double h) :
base(w, h, “triangle”) {
style = s;
}
// Construct an isosceles triangle.
public Triangle(double x) : base(x, “triangle”) {
style = “isosceles”;
}
// Construct an object from an object.
public Triangle(Triangle ob) : base(ob) {
style = ob.style;
}
// Override area() for Triangle.
public override double area() {
return width * height / 2;
}
// Display a triangle's style.
public void showStyle() {
Console.WriteLine(“Triangle is ” + style);
}
}
// A derived class of TwoDShape for rectangles.
class Rectangle : TwoDShape {
// Constructor for Rectangle.
public Rectangle(double w, double h) :
base(w, h, “rectangle”){ }
// Construct a square.
public Rectangle(double x) :
base(x, “rectangle”) { }
// Construct an object from an object.
public Rectangle(Rectangle ob) : base(ob) { }
// Return true if the rectangle is square.
public bool isSquare() {
if(width == height) return true;
return false;
}
// Override area() for Rectangle.
public override double area() {
return width * height;
}
}
public class DynShapes {
public static void Main() {
TwoDShape[] shapes = new TwoDShape[5];
shapes[0] = new Triangle(“right”, 8.0, 12.0);
shapes[1] = new Rectangle(10);
shapes[2] = new Rectangle(10, 4);
shapes[3] = new Triangle(7.0);
shapes[4] = new TwoDShape(10, 20, “generic”);
for(int i=0; i < shapes.Length; i++) { Console.WriteLine("object is " + shapes[i].name); Console.WriteLine("Area is " + shapes[i].area()); Console.WriteLine(); } } } [/csharp]
Class hierarchy: override and virtual
/*
* C# Programmers Pocket Consultant
* Author: Gregory S. MacBeth
* Email: gmacbeth@comporium.net
* Create Date: June 27, 2003
* Last Modified Date:
*/
using System;
namespace Client.Chapter_5___Building_Your_Own_Classes
{
public class MyMainClass13
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//The function called is based
//upon the type called by new.
B MyB = new C();
MyB.Display(); //Calls C's Display
}
}
abstract class A
{
public abstract void Display();
}
class B: A
{
public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class B's Display Method");
}
}
class C: B
{
public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class C's Display Method");
}
}
class D: C
{
public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class D's Display Method");
}
}
}
Virtual and overload
/*
* C# Programmers Pocket Consultant
* Author: Gregory S. MacBeth
* Email: gmacbeth@comporium.net
* Create Date: June 27, 2003
* Last Modified Date:
*/
using System;
namespace Client.Chapter_5___Building_Your_Own_Classes
{
public class MyMainClass12 {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//The function called is based
//upon the type called by new.
B MyB = new C();
D MyD = new D();
MyB.Display(); //Calls C Display
MyD.Display(); //Calls D Display
}
}
public interface A
{
void Display();
}
class B: A
{
public virtual void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class B's Display Method");
}
}
class C: B
{
public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class C's Display Method");
}
}
class D: C
{
public override void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Class D's Display Method");
}
}
}
Virtual keyword can be used to start a new inheritance ladder
using System;
public class Class1 {
public static void Main(string[] strings) {
BankAccount ba = new BankAccount();
Test1(ba);
SavingsAccount sa = new SavingsAccount();
Test1(sa);
Test2(sa);
SpecialSaleAccount ssa = new SpecialSaleAccount();
Test1(ssa);
Test2(ssa);
Test3(ssa);
SaleSpecialCustomer ssc = new SaleSpecialCustomer();
Test1(ssc);
Test2(ssc);
Test3(ssc);
Test4(ssc);
}
public static void Test1(BankAccount account) {
Console.Write("to Test(BankAccount)");
account.Withdrawal(100);
}
public static void Test2(SavingsAccount account) {
Console.Write("to Test(SavingsAccount)");
account.Withdrawal(100);
}
public static void Test3(SpecialSaleAccount account) {
Console.Write("to Test(SpecialSaleAccount)");
account.Withdrawal(100);
}
public static void Test4(SaleSpecialCustomer account) {
Console.Write("to Test(SaleSpecialCustomer)");
account.Withdrawal(100);
}
}
public class BankAccount {
virtual public void Withdrawal(double dWithdrawal) {
Console.WriteLine(" invokes BankAccount.Withdrawal()");
}
}
public class SavingsAccount : BankAccount {
override public void Withdrawal(double dWithdrawal) {
Console.WriteLine(" invokes SavingsAccount.Withdrawal()");
}
}
public class SpecialSaleAccount : SavingsAccount {
new virtual public void Withdrawal(double dWithdrawal) {
Console.WriteLine(" invokes SpecialSaleAccount.Withdrawal()");
}
}
public class SaleSpecialCustomer : SpecialSaleAccount {
override public void Withdrawal(double dWithdrawal) {
Console.WriteLine
(" invokes SaleSpecialCustomer.Withdrawal()");
}
}

