using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        char myChar = char.Parse("w");
        Console.WriteLine("-> Value of myChar: {0}
", myChar);
    }
}

   
     

   
 


using System;

public class MainClass{
    public static void Main() {
        int j = 0198;  // Not a decimal number; erroneous octal constant
        Console.WriteLine(j);
    }
}

   
     

   
 

using System;

public class MainClass{
    public static void Main() {
        int k = 0365;  // Leading zero specifies octal constant, not decimal
        Console.WriteLine(k);
    }
}

   
     

   
 


using System;

public class MainClass{
    public static void Main() {
        //The digits 8 and 9 are errors in specifying an octal constant.
        int i = 0377;   // Octal constant
        int j = 0397;   // Error: 9 is not an octal digit
        Console.WriteLine(i);
        Console.WriteLine(j);
    }
}

   
     

   
 
#region License
// Copyright (c) 2007 James Newton-King
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
// conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;

namespace Newtonsoft.Utilities.Database
{
  public static class DatabaseUtils
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Converts specified value to nullable value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static T? ConvertToNullableValue<T>(object value) where T : struct
    {
      if (value == null)
      {
        return null;
      }
      else if (value == DBNull.Value)
      {
        return null;
      }
      else if (value is string &amp;&amp; string.IsNullOrEmpty((string)value))
      {
        return null;
      }
      else
      {
        if (!(value is T))
        {
          try
          {
            value = Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));
          }
          catch (Exception e)
          {
            throw new ArgumentException("Value is not a valid type.", "value", e);
          }
        }

        return new T?((T)value);
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the specified value is null.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns>
    ///   <c>true</c> if the specified value is null; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
    /// </returns>
    public static bool IsNull(object value)
    {
      if (value == null)
        return true;

      if (value is INullable &amp;&amp; ((INullable)value).IsNull)
        return true;

      if (value == DBNull.Value)
        return true;

      return false;
    }
  }
}

   
     

   
 
#region License
// Copyright (c) 2007 James Newton-King
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
// conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#endregion

using System;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;

namespace Newtonsoft.Utilities.Database
{
  public static class SqlUtils
  {
    public static object ToValue(INullable nullableValue)
    {
      if (nullableValue == null)
        return null;
      else if (nullableValue is SqlInt32)
        return ToValue((SqlInt32)nullableValue);
      else if (nullableValue is SqlInt64)
        return ToValue((SqlInt64)nullableValue);
      else if (nullableValue is SqlBoolean)
        return ToValue((SqlBoolean)nullableValue);
      else if (nullableValue is SqlString)
        return ToValue((SqlString)nullableValue);
      else if (nullableValue is SqlDateTime)
        return ToValue((SqlDateTime)nullableValue);

      throw new Exception(string.Format("Unsupported INullable type: {0}", nullableValue.GetType()));
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the specified value is null.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns>
    ///   <c>true</c> if the specified value is null; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
    /// </returns>
    public static bool IsNull(object value)
    {
      if (value == null)
        return true;

      if (value is INullable &amp;&amp; ((INullable)value).IsNull)
        return true;

      if (value == DBNull.Value)
        return true;

      return false;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Converts SqlType to .NET value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlValue">The SQL value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static int? ToValue(SqlInt32 sqlValue)
    {
      if (IsNull(sqlValue))
        return null;
      else
        return sqlValue.Value;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts SqlType to .NET value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlValue">The SQL value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static long? ToValue(SqlInt64 sqlValue)
    {
      if (IsNull(sqlValue))
        return null;
      else
        return sqlValue.Value;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts SqlType to .NET value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlValue">The SQL value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string ToValue(SqlString sqlValue)
    {
      if (IsNull(sqlValue))
        return null;
      else
        return sqlValue.Value;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts SqlType to .NET value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlValue">The SQL value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime? ToValue(SqlDateTime sqlValue)
    {
      if (IsNull(sqlValue))
        return null;
      else
        return sqlValue.Value;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts SqlType to .NET value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlValue">The SQL value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool? ToValue(SqlBoolean sqlValue)
    {
      if (IsNull(sqlValue))
        return null;
      else
        return sqlValue.Value;
    }

    public static T? ToValue<T>(object value) where T : struct
    {
      if (IsNull(value))
        return null;
      else
        return new T?((T)value);
    }

    public static SqlInt32 FromValue(int? nullableValue)
    {
      return (nullableValue != null) ? new SqlInt32(nullableValue.Value) : new SqlInt32();
    }

    public static SqlDateTime FromValue(DateTime? nullableValue)
    {
      return (nullableValue != null) ? new SqlDateTime(nullableValue.Value) : new SqlDateTime();
    }

    public static SqlBoolean FromValue(bool? nullableValue)
    {
      return (nullableValue != null) ? new SqlBoolean(nullableValue.Value) : new SqlBoolean();
    }
  }
}

   
     

   
 

//http://isotopescreencapture.codeplex.com/
//The MIT License (MIT)
namespace Isotope.Math
{
    public static class MathUtil
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Checks if a value is in a range (inclusive)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="val"></param>
        /// <param name="min"></param>
        /// <param name="max"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsInRange(double val, double min, double max)
        {
            return ((min <= val) &amp;&amp; (val <= max));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Checks if a value is in the range 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="val"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsInRange_0_1(double val)
        {
            return IsInRange(val, 0.0, 1.0);
        }
    }
}