/*
Mastering Visual C# .NET
by Jason Price, Mike Gunderloy
Publisher: Sybex;
ISBN: 0782129110
*/
/*
Example5_15.cs illustrates the use of a struct
*/
// declare the Rectangle struct
struct Rectangle
{
// declare the fields
public int Width;
public int Height;
// define a constructor
public Rectangle(int Width, int Height)
{
this.Width = Width;
this.Height = Height;
}
// define the Area() method
public int Area()
{
return Width * Height;
}
}
public class Example5_15
{
public static void Main()
{
// create an instance of a Rectangle
System.Console.WriteLine("Creating a Rectangle instance");
Rectangle myRectangle = new Rectangle(2, 3);
// display the values for the Rectangle instance
System.Console.WriteLine("myRectangle.Width = " + myRectangle.Width);
System.Console.WriteLine("myRectangle.Height = " + myRectangle.Height);
// call the Area() method of the Rectangle instance
System.Console.WriteLine("myRectangle.Area() = " + myRectangle.Area());
}
}
ASP.NET & Csharp (C#)
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Issue an error message if you do not initialize all of the fields in a structure
/*
C# Programming Tips & Techniques
by Charles Wright, Kris Jamsa
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (December 28, 2001)
ISBN: 0072193794
*/
//
// Struct.cs - Issue an error message if you do not initialize all of
// the fields in a structure
//
// Compile this program with the following command line:
// C:>csc Struct.cs
//
using System;
namespace nsStruct
{
struct POINT
{
public int cx;
public int cy;
public int var;
public override string ToString ()
{
return ("(" + cx + ", " + cy + ")");
}
}
public class StructDemo2
{
static public void Main ()
{
POINT pt;
pt.cx = 24;
pt.cy = 42;
Console.WriteLine (pt);
// Console.WriteLine ("(" + pt.cx + ", " + pt.cy + ")");
}
}
}
Demonstates assignment operator on structures and classes.
/*
C# Programming Tips & Techniques
by Charles Wright, Kris Jamsa
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (December 28, 2001)
ISBN: 0072193794
*/
//
// CmpStCls.cs -- Demonstates assignment operator on structures and classes.
// Compile this program with the following command line:
// C:>csc CmpStCls.cs
//
namespace nsCompare
{
using System;
//
// Define a structure containing the x and y coordinates of a point
struct stPoint
{
public int cx;
public int cy;
}
//
// Define a class containing the x and y coordinates of a point
class clsPoint
{
public int cx;
public int cy;
}
public class CmpStCls
{
static public void Main ()
{
// Declare two structure variables
stPoint spt1, spt2;
// Initialize the members of only one structure
spt1.cx = 42;
spt1.cy = 24;
// Assign the first structure to the first
spt2 = spt1;
// Now modify the first structure
spt1.cx = 12;
spt1.cy = 18;
// Show the results
Console.WriteLine ("For structures:");
Console.WriteLine (" The point for spt1 is ({0}, {1})", spt1.cx, spt1.cy);
Console.WriteLine (" The point for spt2 is ({0}, {1})", spt2.cx, spt2.cy);
// Now do the same thing with instances of the class
clsPoint cpt1, cpt2;
cpt1 = new clsPoint();
// Initialize the members of only one class instance
cpt1.cx = 42;
cpt1.cy = 24;
// Assign the first class instance to the second
cpt2 = cpt1;
// Modify the first class
cpt1.cx = 12;
cpt2.cy = 18;
// Show the results
Console.WriteLine ("
For structures:");
Console.WriteLine (" The point for cpt1 is ({0}, {1})", cpt1.cx, cpt1.cy);
Console.WriteLine (" The point for cpt2 is ({0}, {1})", cpt2.cx, cpt2.cy);
}
}
}
demonstrates using a structure to return a group of variables from a function
/*
C# Programming Tips & Techniques
by Charles Wright, Kris Jamsa
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (December 28, 2001)
ISBN: 0072193794
*/
// tm.cs - demonstrates using a structure to return a group of variables
// from a function
//
// Compile this program using the following command line:
// D:>csc tm.cs
//
namespace nsStructure
{
using System;
using System.Globalization;
public struct tm
{
public int tm_sec; // Seconds after the minute
public int tm_min; // Minutes after the hour
public int tm_hour; // Hours since midnight
public int tm_mday; // The day of the month
public int tm_mon; // The month (January = 0)
public int tm_year; // The year (00 = 1900)
public int tm_wday; // The day of the week (Sunday = 0)
public int tm_yday; // The day of the year (Jan. 1 = 1)
public int tm_isdst; // Flag to indicate if DST is in effect
}
public class tmDemo
{
static public void Main()
{
DateTime timeVal = DateTime.Now;
tm tmNow = LocalTime (timeVal);
string strTime = AscTime (tmNow);
Console.WriteLine (strTime);
}
static public tm LocalTime(DateTime tmVal)
{
tm time;
time.tm_sec = tmVal.Second;
time.tm_min = tmVal.Minute;
time.tm_hour = tmVal.Hour;
time.tm_mday = tmVal.Day;
time.tm_mon = tmVal.Month - 1;
time.tm_year = tmVal.Year - 1900;
time.tm_wday = (int) tmVal.DayOfWeek;
time.tm_yday = tmVal.DayOfYear;
TimeZone tz = TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone;
time.tm_isdst = tz.IsDaylightSavingTime (tmVal) == true ? 1 : 0;
return (time);
}
//
// Returns a string representing a time using UNIX format
static public string AscTime (tm time)
{
const string wDays = "SunMonTueWedThuFriSat";
const string months = "JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec";
string strTime = String.Format ("{0} {1} {2,2:00} " +
"{3,2:00}:{4,2:00}:{5,2:00} {6}
",
wDays.Substring (3 * time.tm_wday, 3),
months.Substring (3 * time.tm_mon, 3),
time.tm_mday, time.tm_hour,
time.tm_min, time.tm_sec, time.tm_year + 1900);
return (strTime);
}
}
}
Defining functions for structs
using System;
struct Dimensions {
public double Length;
public double Width;
Dimensions(double length, double width) { Length = length; Width = width; }
public double Diagonal {
get {
return Math.Sqrt(Length * Length + Width * Width);
}
}
}
demonstrates a custom constructor function for a structure
/*
C# Programming Tips & Techniques
by Charles Wright, Kris Jamsa
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (December 28, 2001)
ISBN: 0072193794
*/
// tm2.cs - demonstrates a custom constructor function for a structure
// Compile this program using the following command line:
// D:>csc tm2.cs
//
namespace nsStructure
{
using System;
using System.Globalization;
struct tm
{
public tm (DateTime tmVal)
{
tm_sec = tmVal.Second;
tm_min = tmVal.Minute;
tm_hour = tmVal.Hour;
tm_mday = tmVal.Day;
tm_mon = tmVal.Month - 1;
tm_year = tmVal.Year - 1900;
tm_wday = (int) tmVal.DayOfWeek;
tm_yday = tmVal.DayOfYear;
TimeZone tz = TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone;
tm_isdst = tz.IsDaylightSavingTime (tmVal) == true ? 1 : 0;
}
public int tm_sec; // Seconds after the minute
public int tm_min; // Minutes after the hour
public int tm_hour; // Hours since midnight
public int tm_mday; // The day of the month
public int tm_mon; // The month (January = 0)
public int tm_year; // The year (00 = 1900)
public int tm_wday; // The day of the week (Sunday = 0)
public int tm_yday; // The day of the year (Jan. 1 = 1)
public int tm_isdst; // Flag to indicate if DST is in effect
public override string ToString()
{
const string wDays = "SunMonTueWedThuFriSat";
const string months = "JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec";
return (String.Format ("{0} {1} {2,2:00} " +
"{3,2:00}:{4,2:00}:{5,2:00} {6}
",
wDays.Substring (3 * tm_wday, 3),
months.Substring (3 * tm_mon, 3),
tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
tm_sec, tm_year + 1900));
}
}
public class tm2Demo
{
static public void Main()
{
DateTime timeVal = DateTime.Now;
tm tmNow = new tm (timeVal);
Console.WriteLine (tmNow);
}
}
}
Structures are good when grouping data
/*
C#: The Complete Reference
by Herbert Schildt
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
// Structures are good when grouping data.
using System;
// Define a packet structure.
struct PacketHeader {
public uint packNum; // packet number
public ushort packLen; // length of packet
}
// Use PacketHeader to create an e-commerce transaction record.
class Transaction {
static uint transacNum = 0;
PacketHeader ph; // incorporate PacketHeader into Transaction
string accountNum;
double amount;
public Transaction(string acc, double val) {
// create packet header
ph.packNum = transacNum++;
ph.packLen = 512; // arbitrary length
accountNum = acc;
amount = val;
}
// Simulate a transaction.
public void sendTransaction() {
Console.WriteLine("Packet #: " + ph.packNum +
", Length: " + ph.packLen +
",
Account #: " + accountNum +
", Amount: {0:C}
", amount);
}
}
// Demonstrate Packet
public class PacketDemo {
public static void Main() {
Transaction t = new Transaction("31243", -100.12);
Transaction t2 = new Transaction("AB4655", 345.25);
Transaction t3 = new Transaction("8475-09", 9800.00);
t.sendTransaction();
t2.sendTransaction();
t3.sendTransaction();
}
}