Auto Mount raid

Posted on December 26, 2015March 6, 2016 by coder

https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-resize-raid-partitions-shrink-and-grow-software-raid

You could add an entry to /etc/fstab:

/dev/md126    /media/server    ext4 defaults 0 0

1 2	/dev/md126 /media/server ext4 defaults 0 0

Make sure that /media/server is present:

sudo mkdir -p /media/kutay

1 2	sudo mkdir -p /media/kutay

You could use the UUID of the partition instead of /dev/md126 The UUID of a filesystem is unlikely to change unless you alter it, whereas the partition may change its identifier and be named md0 or md255 or something like that.

Use the blkid or lbslk command to get the UUID, and then replace /dev/md126 with UUID=xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxx in the above line:

# lsblk -o NAME,UUID
NAME    UUID
sdc     
└─sdc1  8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289
  └─md2 12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c
sdd     
└─sdd1  8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289
  └─md2 12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c
# blkid
/dev/sdc1: UUID="8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289" UUID_SUB="77e19cfe-ed79-613f-bb18-b56bc30e0858" LABEL="titan:2" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdd1: UUID="8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289" UUID_SUB="e99d0a33-4944-4f1e-4a90-b65fa2e57b56" LABEL="titan:2" TYPE="linux_raid_member" 
/dev/md2: UUID="12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c" TYPE="ext4"

# lsblk -o NAME,UUID

NAME UUID

sdc

└─sdc1 8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289

└─md2 12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c

sdd

└─sdd1 8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289

└─md2 12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c

# blkid

/dev/sdc1: UUID="8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289" UUID_SUB="77e19cfe-ed79-613f-bb18-b56bc30e0858" LABEL="titan:2" TYPE="linux_raid_member"

/dev/sdd1: UUID="8ebc357c-3d93-fd86-0535-cb852bbc7289" UUID_SUB="e99d0a33-4944-4f1e-4a90-b65fa2e57b56" LABEL="titan:2" TYPE="linux_raid_member"

/dev/md2: UUID="12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c" TYPE="ext4"

The UUID of /dev/md2 (the RAID array in this case) is 12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c, so the entry would look like:

UUID=12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c   /media/kutay   ext4    defaults  0 0

1	UUID=12341234-8a9c-43c3-cf5b-eaabd644035c /media/kutay ext4 defaults 0 0

Linux raid mdadm mean of “Used dev size”

Posted on December 26, 2015 by coder

For RAID0, "Used Dev Size" does not exist.
For RAID1, "Used Dev Size" equals to half of total disks' size.
For RAID5, "Used Dev Size" equals to size that are used for parity.

For RAID0, "Used Dev Size" does not exist.

For RAID1, "Used Dev Size" equals to half of total disks' size.

For RAID5, "Used Dev Size" equals to size that are used for parity.

TESTED !

mount kvm disk qcow on linux

Posted on December 22, 2015June 25, 2018 by coder

# Enabling mounting.

sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8

sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /mnt/kvm/wordpress-sites.qcow2

sudo fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l

sudo mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/somepoint/

sudo umount /mnt/somepoint/

sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

# Enabling mounting.

sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8

sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /mnt/kvm/wordpress-sites.qcow2

sudo fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l

sudo mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/somepoint/

sudo umount /mnt/somepoint/

sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

Example 2:

losetup /dev/loop0 raw-image-file.raw

##
# kpartx: 
#  Recognise and activate partitions in the image:
kpartx -a /dev/loop0

##
# Check partitions available to this image under /dev/mapper/loop0*
# ls /dev/mapper/loop0*
/dev/mapper/loop0p1 /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /dev/mapper/loop0p3 /dev/mapper/loop0p4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5 /dev/mapper/loop0p6

##
# mount each partition to a mount point: 

mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt

##
# umount and delete created  objects. 

umount /mnt
kpartx -d /dev/loop0
losetup -d /dev/loop0

losetup /dev/loop0 raw-image-file.raw

# kpartx:

# Recognise and activate partitions in the image:

kpartx -a /dev/loop0

# Check partitions available to this image under /dev/mapper/loop0*

# ls /dev/mapper/loop0*

/dev/mapper/loop0p1 /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /dev/mapper/loop0p3 /dev/mapper/loop0p4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5 /dev/mapper/loop0p6

# mount each partition to a mount point:

mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt

# umount and delete created objects.

umount /mnt

kpartx -d /dev/loop0

losetup -d /dev/loop0

Ssh root login allow linux

Posted on December 22, 2015 by coder

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
FROM:
PermitRootLogin without-password
TO:
PermitRootLogin yes

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

FROM:

PermitRootLogin without-password

TO:

PermitRootLogin yes

# /etc/init.d/ssh restart

1	# /etc/init.d/ssh restart

ISP Config

Posted on December 3, 2015December 3, 2015 by coder

https://www.howtoforge.de/anleitung/der-perfekte-server-debian-squeeze-debian-6-0-mit-bind-dovecot-ispconfig-3/

http://lists.sip-router.org/pipermail/sr-users/2014-March/082225.html

http://www.ictinnovations.com/content/kamailio-elastix-installation-and-integeration

How to Rename Eth0 Network Interface Card Name [ Udev ]

Posted on December 3, 2015December 3, 2015 by coder

#MAC address of the Ethernet device

ifconfig -a | grep -i --color hwaddr

#Sample outputs:
>
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr ku:ta:yz:or:lu:.c
lan0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 1a:c1:00:ed:5d:99
wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:21:6a:ca:9b:33

# !!!Step #1: Find out the MAC address of the Ethernet device

Type the following command:
# ifconfig -a | grep -i --color hwaddr

Sample outputs:

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:ac:6f:65:31:e5
lan0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 4a:71:40:ed:5d:99
wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:21:6a:ca:9b:10
Note down the MAC address.

# >>  change the name eth0 as wan0

# To rename eth0 as wan0, edit a file called 70-persistent-net.rules in /etc/udev/rules.d/ directory, enter:
# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

The names of the Ethernet devices are listed in this file as follows:

 
# PCI device 0x14e4:0x1680 (tg3)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="ku:ta:yz:or:lu:co", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
 
Locate and identify the line with the NIC from step 1 (look for the MAC address). It may look like above. In this example, the interface eth0 will be renamed to wan0 (change NAME="eth0" to NAME="wan0"):

 
# PCI device 0x14e4:0x1680 (tg3)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="ku:ta:yz:or:lu:co", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="wan0"
 
Save and close the file. Reboot the system to test changes:
# reboot

#! Rename eth0 as wan0

# >>  change NAME="eth0" to NAME="wan0"):

# Save and close the file. Reboot the system to test changes:
reboot

# Checking 
# ifconfig -a
# ifconfig wan0
# ifconfig -a | less
# ip addr show

#MAC address of the Ethernet device

ifconfig -a | grep -i --color hwaddr

#Sample outputs:

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ku:ta:yz:or:lu:.c

lan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1a:c1:00:ed:5d:99

wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:6a:ca:9b:33

# !!!Step #1: Find out the MAC address of the Ethernet device

Type the following command:

# ifconfig -a | grep -i --color hwaddr

Sample outputs:

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:ac:6f:65:31:e5

lan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4a:71:40:ed:5d:99

wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:6a:ca:9b:10

Note down the MAC address.

# >> change the name eth0 as wan0

# To rename eth0 as wan0, edit a file called 70-persistent-net.rules in /etc/udev/rules.d/ directory, enter:

# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

The names of the Ethernet devices are listed in this file as follows:

# PCI device 0x14e4:0x1680 (tg3)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="ku:ta:yz:or:lu:co", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

Locate and identify the line with the NIC from step 1 (look for the MAC address). It may look like above. In this example, the interface eth0 will be renamed to wan0 (change NAME="eth0" to NAME="wan0"):

# PCI device 0x14e4:0x1680 (tg3)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="ku:ta:yz:or:lu:co", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="wan0"

Save and close the file. Reboot the system to test changes:

# reboot

#! Rename eth0 as wan0

# >> change NAME="eth0" to NAME="wan0"):

# Save and close the file. Reboot the system to test changes:

reboot

# Checking

# ifconfig -a

# ifconfig wan0

# ifconfig -a | less

# ip addr show

Printer adding over command line

Posted on October 13, 2015October 13, 2015 by coder

A. Microsoft has a utility which can add printers from the command line but its only available to OEM suppliers. Another option is by directly manipulating the printui.dll dynamic link library.

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry \[options\]

For example to add a HP DeskJet 970Cxi on LPT1: on Windows 2000 use the following:

D:\>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b "HP DeskJet 970Cxi" /f                                 %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r "lpt1:" /m "HP DeskJet 970Cxi"
Other options are:   
/a\[file\] binary file name                                 
/b\[name\] base printer name           
/c\[name\] unc machine name if the action is on a remote machine                                 /dl delete local printer                                 /dn delete network printer connection                                 /dd delete printer driver                                 /e display printing preferences                                 /f\[file\] either inf file or output file                                 /ga add per machine printer connections                                 /ge enum per machine printer connections                                 /gd delete per machine printer connections                                 /h\[arch\] driver architecture one of the following, Alpha | Intel | Mips | PowerPC                                 /ia install printer driver using inf file                                 /id install printer driver using add printer driver wizard                                 /if install printer using inf file                                 /ii install printer using add printer wizard with an inf file                                 /il install printer using add printer wizard                                 /in add network printer connection                                 /j\[provider\] print provider name                                 /k print test page to specified printer, cannot be combined with command when installing a printer                                 /l\[path\] printer driver source path                                 /m\[model\] printer driver model name                                 /n\[name\] printer name                                 /o display printer queue view                                 /p display printer properties                                 /q quiet mode, do not display error messages>                                 /r\[port\] port name                                 /s display server properties                                 /Ss Store printer settings into a file                                 /Sr Restore printer settings from a file
Store or restore printer settings option flags that must be placed at the end of command:

                              2       PRINTER_INFO_2                                      7       PRINTER_INFO_7                                c       Color Profile                                      d       PrinterData                                   s       Security descriptor                                      g       Global DevMode                                m       Minimal settings>                                      u       User DevMode                                  r       Resolve name conflicts>                                    f       Force name                                      p       Resolve port                                 /u        use the existing printer driver if it's already installed                                 /t        \[#\] zero based index page to start on                                 /v        \[version\] driver version one of the following,                                               Windows 95 or 98 | Windows NT 3.1 | Windows NT 3.5 or 3.51 |                                               Windows NT 3.51 | Windows NT 4.0 | Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 | Windows 2000                                 /w        prompt the user for a driver if specified driver is not found in the inf                                 /y        set printer as the default                                 /Xg       get printer settings                                 /Xs       set printer settings                                 /z        do not auto share this printer                                 /Z        share this printer, can only be used with the /if option                                 /?        help this message                                 @\[file\]   command line argument file                             
Examples:

Run server properties: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /s /t1 /n\\machine

Run printer properties: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /n\\machine\printer

Run add printer wizard localy: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /il 

Run add printer wizard on \\machine: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /il /c\\machine

Run queue view: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /o /n\\machine\printer

Run inf install: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b "Test Printer" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r "lpt1:" /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3"

Run add printer wizard using inf: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ii /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf

Add per machine printer connection: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ga /c\\machine /n\\machine\printer /j"LanMan Print Services"

Delete per machine printer connection: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /gd /c\\machine /n\\machine\printer

Enumerate per machine printer connections: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ge /c\\machine

Add printer driver using inf: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ia /c\\machine /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3" /h "Intel" /v "Windows 2000" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf

Remove printer driver: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /dd /c\\machine /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3" /h "Intel" /v "Windows 2000"

Set printer as default: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /y /n "printer"

Set printer comment: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xs /n "printer" comment "My Cool Printer"

Get printer settings: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xg /n "printer"

Get printer settings saving results in a file: 
rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /f "results.txt" /Xg /n "printer"

Set printer settings command usage:
                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xs /n "printer" ?
Store all printer settings into a file: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Ss /n "printer" /a "file.dat"
Restore all printer settings from a file: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUI /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat"
Store printer information on level 2 into a file : 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Ss /n "printer" /a "file.dat" 2
Restore from a file printer security descriptor: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" s
Restore from a file printer global devmode and printer data: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" g d
Restore from a file minimum settings and resolve port name: 

                                 rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" m p

A. Microsoft has a utility which can add printers from the command line but its only available to OEM suppliers. Another option is by directly manipulating the printui.dll dynamic link library.

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry \[options\]

For example to add a HP DeskJet 970Cxi on LPT1: on Windows 2000 use the following:

D:\>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b "HP DeskJet 970Cxi" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r "lpt1:" /m "HP DeskJet 970Cxi"

Other options are:

/a\[file\] binary file name

/b\[name\] base printer name

/c\[name\] unc machine name if the action is on a remote machine /dl delete local printer /dn delete network printer connection /dd delete printer driver /e display printing preferences /f\[file\] either inf file or output file /ga add per machine printer connections /ge enum per machine printer connections /gd delete per machine printer connections /h\[arch\] driver architecture one of the following, Alpha | Intel | Mips | PowerPC /ia install printer driver using inf file /id install printer driver using add printer driver wizard /if install printer using inf file /ii install printer using add printer wizard with an inf file /il install printer using add printer wizard /in add network printer connection /j\[provider\] print provider name /k print test page to specified printer, cannot be combined with command when installing a printer /l\[path\] printer driver source path /m\[model\] printer driver model name /n\[name\] printer name /o display printer queue view /p display printer properties /q quiet mode, do not display error messages> /r\[port\] port name /s display server properties /Ss Store printer settings into a file /Sr Restore printer settings from a file

Store or restore printer settings option flags that must be placed at the end of command:

2 PRINTER_INFO_2 7 PRINTER_INFO_7 c Color Profile d PrinterData s Security descriptor g Global DevMode m Minimal settings> u User DevMode r Resolve name conflicts> f Force name p Resolve port /u use the existing printer driver if it's already installed /t \[#\] zero based index page to start on /v \[version\] driver version one of the following, Windows 95 or 98 | Windows NT 3.1 | Windows NT 3.5 or 3.51 | Windows NT 3.51 | Windows NT 4.0 | Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 | Windows 2000 /w prompt the user for a driver if specified driver is not found in the inf /y set printer as the default /Xg get printer settings /Xs set printer settings /z do not auto share this printer /Z share this printer, can only be used with the /if option /? help this message @\[file\] command line argument file

Examples:

Run server properties:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /s /t1 /n\\machine

Run printer properties:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /n\\machine\printer

Run add printer wizard localy:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /il

Run add printer wizard on \\machine:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /il /c\\machine

Run queue view:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /o /n\\machine\printer

Run inf install:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b "Test Printer" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r "lpt1:" /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3"

Run add printer wizard using inf:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ii /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf

Add per machine printer connection:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ga /c\\machine /n\\machine\printer /j"LanMan Print Services"

Delete per machine printer connection:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /gd /c\\machine /n\\machine\printer

Enumerate per machine printer connections:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ge /c\\machine

Add printer driver using inf:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /ia /c\\machine /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3" /h "Intel" /v "Windows 2000" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf

Remove printer driver:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /dd /c\\machine /m "AGFA-AccuSet v52.3" /h "Intel" /v "Windows 2000"

Set printer as default:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /y /n "printer"

Set printer comment:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xs /n "printer" comment "My Cool Printer"

Get printer settings:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xg /n "printer"

Get printer settings saving results in a file:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /f "results.txt" /Xg /n "printer"

Set printer settings command usage:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Xs /n "printer" ?

Store all printer settings into a file:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Ss /n "printer" /a "file.dat"

Restore all printer settings from a file:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUI /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat"

Store printer information on level 2 into a file :

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Ss /n "printer" /a "file.dat" 2

Restore from a file printer security descriptor:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" s

Restore from a file printer global devmode and printer data:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" g d

Restore from a file minimum settings and resolve port name:

rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /Sr /n "printer" /a "file.dat" m p

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